The Metaphysical in the Philosophical Thought of Luis Felipe Alarco Larraburre

The history of Philosophy is a constant evolution, in which man tries to approach fundamental answers to questions whose object has surpassed space and time barriers, realities from which man cannot escape.
Whoever enters a specialization in the history of Philosophy or in the history of Education cannot afford to miss out on the development of this attempt, of this permanent search, in their own region or local context, an intimate and privileged environment that It will offer you the opportunity to root what is important in Philosophy, with what is important that it has already left in its environment, tradition or culture.
About us? What are we doing here? Why do we suffer? They are questions for which we seek answers and we are not satisfied with those obtained, but we always "go further", over and over again, reformulating the question, or its meaning. This is a characteristic of the man of all times.
What are we destined for? What is our future? The future permanently questions us. “We are like little birds fluttering around a room on a dark winter night”; suddenly we appear in the room without knowing where from and we hurriedly go to an unknown place. "Most men are born originals and end up copies" (Dutch Catechism, 3 and 7).
We find ourselves before the mystery of our existence where doubt appears, which is a thick fog that obscures the existential orientation of the person. Doubt is uncertainty and produces fear of the future, of the unknown. This fear of the unknown is a characteristic of human psychology. Doubt is darkness, it produces anxiety and anguish. The fear of the unknown conceals the fear of death and also the fear of life, because the unknown is everything new and if fear prevents us from facing it, we will be conditioned to live in the past, with no possibility of change or growth (Almendro, 2006, pp. 264-265).
On the other hand, our world has been absorbed by the empire of the apparent, being has become blurred and dissatisfaction seems to plunge man into nonsense.
If someone offers the possibility of escaping from this whole situation, then this offer is seen as a promise, a kerygma, a "good news". Today's man has found many promises of solutions or good news, which assured him the answer to those doubts, offered light to guide him in the dark and in the fog.
These announcements have spread the supposed crisis and fall of Metaphysics; whose contempt has led some to believe that his death certificate had been signed, and with it it was thought that scientific progress would provide solid foundations for human existence and the reality of the cosmos. Of all this, the only thing that has found fulfillment is the non-differentiation between the appearance of things and what things are.
This is not a new reality. What was described above was experienced during the first half of the 20th century, and a Peruvian philosopher thought that to counteract this, he urged a new Metaphysics, adapted to the needs of his reality.
A Peruvian thinker, Luis Felipe Alarco, realized that the path of progress and development of man was wrong, because for the sake of dominating nature, human life itself is put at risk, that which humanizes man.
The objective of this research is to identify and critically assess the main metaphysical aspects of philosophical thought formally explained in the works and texts of the master Luis Felipe Alarco.

In the past, Socrates lived the last years of the splendor of a Greek age and the sight of decline. This time of transition led him to take on a mission in which he discovered that decline occurred because the old lacked strong roots to shield it from current exhaustion. The positive was lost so it had to be rediscovered and remade through learning and thought. This event is typological for our time, marked by the loss of meaning of tradition and of the ancient, and everything that expresses those two ideas, including Metaphysics.
This dismissal of Metaphysics –just like the events of the past¬¬– is an invitation to rediscover it and redo it, tasks already started in other countries and witnessed in ours, through the life and work of the great San Marcos master, Luis Felipe Alarco Larraburre.
At the present time, man is understood as the result of evolution and history, inside him lies a beast, a scavenger animal, a steppe wolf. Some therefore consider man as an imprisoned, repressed animal, and seek the solution to many neuroses in his liberation without hesitation. It gives the appearance that the foundations of the human being sink into chaos, into his instincts, into his barbarism, which makes being a man the most difficult activity, because ferocity lies at the bottom of the soul.
Multiple garments cover the soul, disfigure it, falsify it, so it is necessary to strip it of its veils so that it appears as it is. This is the intention of Luis Felipe Alarco, of his metaphysical thought, rooted in reality as soon as it is poured out on man himself, with his greatness and spoils, with his potentiality and realization.
Faced with this situation, for some years now, national identity and its appreciation have been favored from various cultural, educational and socio-communicative spheres.
The Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos has not been oblivious to this work and has seen fit to prioritize "the study of our most representative thinkers." The Academic Department of Philosophy has seen the birth from the bosom of its illustrious teachers, "a serious concern to work in a systematic, orderly and methodical way the intellectual contribution and humanistic concerns of illustrious university teachers, most of them from San Marcos" (Rivara , 2004, I, p. 8).
This thesis does not intend to exhaust or affirm that it has identified the totality of Alarco's metaphysical thought. In every philosophical treatise, in every exposition of one's own thought, even of the set of daily ideas and opinions, no person can reach the depth of the one who issued it because thinking is a manifestation of a being, and regarding the question of being There is always an irrational redoubt that is not exhausted, which is why this work attempts to make an «approximation» to Alarco's metaphysical thought, that is the meaning of an investigation of this type, which as far as it is interpretation, it is approximation. This approach takes into account that many variables can escape, whether they are rational, historical, affective, and experiential of the author. More than a thesis, this work aims to be an approximation to man, to the thinker, to the great San Marcos master, to being.
This research is divided into six chapters. In the first chapter a brief description of some of the personality traits, anecdotal and historical data of the San Marcos teacher will be developed; Likewise, the complete works of the author will be mentioned, with a brief classification according to the criteria of the author of this work.
The second chapter will present a synthesis of the reality of being, its concept and problems, its phases, modes and regions.
In the third chapter, the anthropological notions that the San Marcos teacher outlined throughout his life will be collected, as well as presenting the problem of free will, a sine qua non condition for the real manifestation of man's being.
The fourth chapter will develop the theme of transcendence, in the two metaphysical aspects that Alarco displays: epistemological transcendence, which includes the problem of irrationality; and the ontological transcendence, where they will be underlined: the problem of immortality and divine existence.

The fifth chapter will present Socrates and Jesus, before the experience of death, the defining moment of the human being, unique and irreparable, but at the same time it will present the attitude of both men before the possibility of nothingness or plenitude, attitudes based on mere philosophy and common sense in the case of the Greek teacher; or sustained on the pillar of the Judeo-Christian faith and revelation. The two men will be presented as anthropological-metaphysical archetypes.
This work is not limited to the mere exposition of the metaphysical thought of the San Marcos master. In the sixth chapter a brief controversy is undertaken with Alarco en route, not to lower his merit, since attacking the weakness of any argument or philosophical contribution is a relatively easy task, in addition to the fact that all great philosophy has its peaks and abysses; the authentic objective is to stop at the heights, try to reach them and to be able to carry out this feat, contribute and contribute to the knowledge of the life and work of a San Marcos philosopher, an urgent and necessary task where the investigation will become a small brick, one of the many that our history of ideas and philosophy in Peru needs to form a school, to add help in the construction of knowledge. It is to take the post left by the teacher from San Marcos, and continue along the traced path.
As a closing, some important metaphysical notions will be enumerated to understand Alarco's thought and the conclusions as a list.
Among the difficulties presented and due to the re-creationist style of the great master Alarco, it is necessary, as a matter of intellectual honesty, to mention that, within the indicated references, an exploration and enumeration of the possible philosophical works has been attempted. to which Alarco could have agreed, or that inspired him, exploration based on the perception of the author of this thesis, and as such, limited by that very fact.
In this thesis, it is considered that this recognition of the limit, at the same time, could be the contribution, insofar as it is not a mere exposition -which is already a complex work- of the thought of the San Marcos master, but rather it is an exploration of what is mysterious behind his experience and intellectual production. It is to venture into the mystery of the Alarco man, and this adventure tries to motivate the readers and other San Marcos of the various specialties to continue the investigation of the contribution of our predecessor teachers, in the process of building on what has already been built, contributing and completing, beyond "ignoring" or "criticizing" without having even tried to understand from its root, the value of the national contribution.